Editor’s Note: Danry shares about giving and how we can do so in the month of May for the inaugural International Sangha Dana 2023.
TLDR: Gifts are much more than just the act of giving – it encompasses the effects of the gift on the receiver too. However small the act of giving, it is the mind state of giving that makes it meritorious. Supporting the Sangha by Dana honours all three of the Triple Gems, the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha, all at once!
In Buddhism, giving is not just an act of kindness – it is a powerful tool for personal growth and spiritual development.
I know, the term ‘giving’ might conjure an image of a donation box at every corner, with people scrambling to find dollar bills (especially the smaller dominations!) to stuff into the tiny slit – usually in exchange for some ’favour’.
But this discounts the true power of giving, limiting it to only a form of transaction. Known as dana, giving is usually considered the foundation of one’s growth in the Dhamma. It is often taught as a way to lead a happier, more joyful life – with oneself and others!
Giving isn’t just about the gift!
While gifts are commonly in the form of something material, such as candles and books, it does not just stop there. When we give a gift to another, it is beyond the material. Giving can be considered an art because it involves creativity, intention, and skill. Like any form of art, giving requires thoughtfulness, sensitivity, and attention to detail.
When we give to others, we are not simply handing over a material object or performing a task. We are engaging in a creative act that involves understanding the needs of the recipient, selecting an appropriate gift or action, and presenting it in a way that is meaningful and impactful.
Giving is also an art because it requires intention and purpose. We give not just for the sake of giving, but with the hope that it can be of benefit to another’s well-being and even happiness.
The gift of food is not just giving food
I remember once when I asked my teacher about the merits when one offers food to the Sangha, and his response changed how I saw giving. He shares that the giving of food to anyone (including the Sangha) is not merely a gift of food to fill the stomach, but a gift of life, gift of friendliness, and gift of worryless-ness.
A gift of life because it serves as a condition for the sustenance of life; a gift of friendliness because it serves as a condition for the feeling of being cared for by another; a gift of worryless-ness because one now has one less thing to worry about.
When we contemplate in this way, any small act of giving can become boundless in rejoicing in our own goodness. And in so doing, we also learn to rejoice in the goodness of others when others engage in acts of giving.
Similarly, when we offer medicine, we are in fact giving the gift of health, the gift of strength and the gift of fearlessness.
When we offer lodging (in Singapore’s context it may be supporting the cost of lodging rather than actually offering land), it is a gift of refuge, a gift of conduciveness, a gift of safety. When we contemplate in this way, the act of giving becomes a powerful tool for cultivation, towards boundlessness.
And when we can use the same lens when we receive a gift, gratitude and appreciation naturally spring up much more.
Is giving to the Buddha & his disciples the only way?
In the time of the Buddha, there was a rumour that the Buddha taught that only by giving to the Buddha and his disciples was it meritorious. Vacchagotta, a non-Buddhist wanderer, decided to question find out if the rumours were true. In that discourse, Vaccha Sutta, the Buddha described that even the smallest act of giving, would be a source of merit. He proclaimed:
“One acquires merit even if one throws away rinsings of a bowl or a cup into a village pool or pond with the thought: ‘May the living beings here sustain themselves with this!’ How much more, then, does one acquire merit when one gives to fellow human beings!”
Giving to the Sangha
In the same discourse, He taught Vacchagotta that “what is given to one of virtuous behaviour is more fruitful than what is given to an immoral person. And the most worthy recipient is one who has abandoned five factors and possesses five factors”, referring to the overcoming of the Five Hindrances.
When one chooses to be a monastic, one makes the determination to overcome these hindrances despite all odds. To be a monastic requires one to give up worldly comforts to fully dedicate one’s life to the path of Awakening, while sharing insights into the Dhamma with the lay community.
As such, one of the most significant forms of dana is giving to the Sangha, the community of monastics that have chosen to dedicate their lives to the practice of the Dhamma. Since the time of the Buddha and in many Buddhist countries today, alms offering, known as piṇḍapāta, is still practised.
As aspirants of the highest goal, the Sangha is often praised by the Buddha (and recited by many Buddhists) as the ‘incomparable field of merit for the world’ (anuttaram punnakhettam lokassa).
To me, by supporting the Sangha, we not only express our gratitude for the teachings we have received, but we also enable the continuation of the noble practice of the Dhamma for future generations. The Sangha plays a vital role in preserving the teachings of the Buddha.
It once occurred to me that the very reason why we have access to the practice of Dhamma today is due to the effort of generations after generations of Sangha. In choosing to give to the Sangha, one is laying a condition for the continued preservation of the Dhamma of those to come.
To me, preserving, practising and penetrating the Dhamma is the supreme homage to the Buddha. Thus, simple yet profound, the practice of dana, is related to the Triple Gems – the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Sangha!
Want to explore the art of giving in person? Join Danry on 13th May for the international Sangha Dana 2023 from 9am to 5pm at Suntec Convention Centre! Sign-up is free!
Wise Steps:
Start giving something today, however small. It doesn’t need to be material.
TLDR: Being charitable is not just about giving money and help to the needy. Charity is a form of giving to those around us and it is not just about material help. So, what is the true meaning of giving?
Everyone in our world practices charity but many may not know they do. The type of charity we do is described in the Cambridge dictionary as “help, especially in the form of money given freely to people in need because they are ill, poor or have no home”. According to this meaning of charity, it is the form of giving money to those in need. We can say most of us in Asia give money to support our families in their times of difficulty or for general daily living expenses.
Although the word charity is often used as a form of helping those in financial need, I would like to expand the meaning of charity to include giving in ways other than financial help.
Charity as a Burden
I grew up in a poor family where my father has no sense of financial know-how. Money slips through my father’s hands easily and we never had more than enough other than for food and the rental HDB two-bedroom flat we lived in.
My mum fell ill and incurred high hospital bills. Her siblings had to chip in to help. And I must say the general atmosphere was unpleasant. It felt like there was blame on my father for his incapability to support a family and my relatives’ financial difficulties and perhaps some unwillingness in their help.
My mum passed away and I remembered all these sorrows, the importance of money and wanting to be free from all of it.
Yet there was this sense of responsibility in me that I had to chip in to pay for family expenses. I resented this Confucian society we live in where we have to be responsible even for irresponsible parents. I wished I had the freedom like those living in the West where they could go out and learn to be on their own without worrying about their parents as a young adult. I worshipped the Western ideals of freedom and liberty.
Volunteering at Charities
I found work to support myself and to give my dad some money. Also, the salary allowed me to half my home bills with my sister. Both of us went into the workforce early. Looking back, I realised there were little bills we had to pay for then. But the memory of my mum’s inadequate medical bills probably kept me going in a regular job. Also, even if I wanted to have the freedom to leave Singapore, I needed money.
Some people work for passion, some to support their families and others work because there’s nothing else to do. For me, it was a bit of passion and to give to my family.
Yet in my heart, I also wanted to give in other ways. So I volunteered at charity organizations. But my stint at these places never lasted, except for one year I made a vow to carry through with one organisation.
Although I wanted to give, I felt unhappy. I didn’t understand how to give then.
Now I understand I felt unhappy because my intention of giving was all about myself.
The Intention Behind Giving
When I gave to my family, I felt it was an obligation or a responsibility. When I gave my help to charities, I felt it could not satisfy my heart or bring me contentment.
Perhaps I expected to bring some relief to those I helped, but what I did couldn’t help lift their hearts.
I expected a thank you from my dad too for my giving, but I never did receive any.
It took me many years to realise that giving is not about fixing the other person’s problem or lifting their hearts at all. I did not see that years of carrying the sorrow of the existence of life did not lift my own heart even when others gave to me.
Charity is a Choice
I felt no happiness in giving or receiving. After I began my studies and practice in Buddhist mindfulness, I realised that it isn’t necessary to be a problem solver or to lift someone’s mind if they don’t wish to be happy despite my help. I learnt that giving to my family or others is not a responsibility but rather, it is a choice I made.
If it is a choice I have made, why was I unhappy with my choice? No one forced me to be responsible even if they may expect me to be.
I learnt that giving or helping someone is not about giving solutions. It is my willingness to make a choice to give my time and my happiness to others, even if they are unhappy or ungrateful.
I didn’t understand how to be happy by giving or helping. I realised many others did not see how being charitable can bring happiness.
How to Really Give?
To most people, giving their time means they are losing their precious time. Giving materially means giving what they have in excess, not something they may need.
True giving or charity is when we do not keep measuring our time or keep balancing the scale of what we have or do not have to give.
Of course, it also does not mean we give excessively, and not take care of our own basic needs.
To truly give is to be present fully with the other person, pay attention to what they say, and attend to their needs.
It may not be a big need, it can be small acts of kindness such as not correcting others’ mistakes by insisting we are right all the time.
Sometimes just being cheerful can infect others’ moods around us. Even if others aren’t in the best of moods, we need not let them affect us if we can be mindful enough.
How Being Charitable Can Bring Happiness?
How can we be happy by giving? The first thing to do is not to expect anything in return, not even a thank you. When we give, it is a choice we made and not others’ choice to be given.
They are free to receive the gift, whether it is our time, money or our kindness in whichever way they like and it should not affect us. Why? Because we have never asked them to receive when we decided to give. Therefore, they are free to reject the gift.
Only when we expect something in return do we react negatively to the receiver’s attitude. Without expectation, we can maintain the intention of giving happily in our hearts.
Also, when we give to another, we are sharing what we have. If it is happiness, we are sharing our happiness. If it is a material thing, we are also sharing what we have. The conflict in our world is caused by our possessiveness and continual measuring of what’s mine and what’s others – whether it is land, food, air or money.
When in fact, nothing truly belongs to us. If Mother Earth truly belongs to us, why does she not do our biding when we break certain laws of nature? How is it we cannot control earthquakes or make the weather pleasant so that it can produce as much food as possible?
One last thing about being habitually charitable is that it leaves a deep impression on our minds. Our memory of giving our compassion, understanding, time and even material things makes us happy. We may receive kindness from others for our giving, or not receive anything in return. But thinking of our own generosity and kindness lifts our own hearts in times of despair.
Wise Steps:
When you make an intention to give, whether it is time or money, don’t waver by distracting yourself with other activities or start measuring the amount to give.
Don’t judge, but pay attention to what others need by being present to them with your mind and body.
Meaningful gifts come with love from your heart. When you give without paying attention, the receiver can feel your insincerity.
Vesak Day, also known as Buddha Day, is a sacred day to millions of Buddhists worldwide. It commemorates the day that Buddha was born, attained enlightenment, and passed away. It gives us an opportunity for quiet reflection on Buddha’s teachings and the values of compassion, wisdom, and kindness.
It has evolved over time and brings different meanings to different people!
After 2 years of muted celebrations due to the pandemic, this year’s May 15 will see practitioners gathering and celebrating it in different ways. If you are trying to plan out your Vesak Day weekend to bask in the spirit of Vesak, check out these 10 things you can do!
1. Plan your calendar for your temple-hopping!
Find an excuse to head out for the long weekend by visiting the many temples that are open. Use our directory to navigate the many online and offline activities. Who knows?
You might find yourself in the middle of a concert or peaceful chanting session.
The three-step, one-bow ceremony is an expression of devotion and serves to lessen mental defilements or build virtue as one goes through the activity. This practice, which symbolically reminds us of the difficult but rewarding journey to enlightenment, has been passed down and has evolved into the 3-Step, 1-Bow we know today.
While tuning in to some peaceful Buddhist teaching (food for the heart), why not check out food for the body?
Check out food fairs organised by Buddhist Fellowship near newton or spicy tteokbokki and takoyaki at KMSPKS’s Vesak Carnival
4. Help fill the stomachs of the needy
Unsplash
In the spirit of Buddha’s compassion shown to many beings, why not give back by volunteering at a Soup kitchen? There are multiple time slots and different tasks you can choose to volunteer with Willing Hearts.
Visit nature places with your insect repellant to reconnect with nature by taking in the good vibes. Plug into the sound of nature to meditate or try one of the meditation audio guides!
We highly recommend botanic gardens, marina barrage, or a nearby park!
6. Be a Buddy to seniors
Credit: IMDA
We often think that giving means the gift of money. This Vesak, we invite you to rethink the idea of generosity! Volunteer with YouthCorp SG & Healthhub to strengthen the digital literacy of our seniors by empowering them and reducing the waiting time at the polyclinics.
In the spirit of non-harming, why not go vegetarian? The possibilities are endless with vegetarian food. Check out this sleek guide to vegetarian food places in Singapore!
TLDR: Can/should Buddhists celebrate Christmas? Is that the right question to ask? To give the intangible, share metta, and give up the unwholesome — these are some ways we can celebrate this season of giving.
The possible awkwardness in Buddhists celebrating Christmas
“You can meh?” was the start of that imagined awkwardness of a Buddhist celebrating Christmas. The notion of enjoying another religion’s holy day while being firmly grounded in Buddhism made me feel ‘awkward’.
The question arose as I walked with friends to observe the Christmas light up at Orchard road. “Should I be enjoying this?”, “Should I be singing Christmas songs and giving gifts?”, “Is this against what Buddha taught?” were thoughts that ran through my mind as my Christian friend asked me “You can meh?”.
He was concerned for a ‘serious’ Buddhist like me, who had to stroll through the nativity scenes put up in Orchard Road to celebrate Christmas. He thought that celebrating Christmas, the birth of Jesus Christ, might be ‘against my religion’.
Rather than asking, “okay to celebrate?” we should ask ourselves how we can grow our goodness this season.
A Christ-Buddhamas?
Often, we tend to divide our world into a binary one of ‘right’ or ‘wrong’, ‘us’ or ‘them’.
Learning the Buddha’s middle path of balance and wisdom helps pull us away from such extremes. We develop a tendency to slow down our reactions and enrich our responses to the world around us.
December, the month of Christmas, offers Buddhists and Christians alike an opportunity to reflect on a topic dear to both traditions: Giving. The late Thai forest teacher Ajahn Chah illustrates this best.
An excerpt from one of the recollections of his teachings:
—
How can they (monks) celebrate Christmas?
A group of the Western monks decided last year to make a special day of Christmas, with a ceremony of gift-giving and merit-making.
Various other disciples of mine questioned this, saying, “If they’re ordained as Buddhists, how can they celebrate Christmas? Isn’t this a Christian holiday?”
In my Dharma talk, I explained how all people in the world are fundamentally the same. Calling them Europeans, Americans, or Thais just indicates where they were born or the color of their hair, but they all have basically the same kind of minds and bodies; all belong to the same family of people being born, growing old, and dying. When you understand this, differences become unimportant.
Similarly, if Christmas is an occasion where people make a particular effort to do what is good and kind and helpful to others in some way, that’s important and wonderful, no matter what system you use to describe it.
So I told the villagers, ‘Today we’ll call this Chrisbuddhamas. As long as people are practicing properly, they’re practicing Christ-Buddhism, and things are fine.”
I teach this way to enable people to let go of their attachments to various concepts and to see what is happening in a straightforward and natural way.
Anything that inspires us to see what is true and do what is good is proper practice. You may call it anything you like.
—
Ajahn Chah’s tongue-in-cheek yet compassionate take on Christmas spreads the flavour of Dhamma better than any Christmas log cake.
We are often caught up with technicalities and terms, forgetting the essence behind them. We tend to see differences rather than similarities.
Applying Ajahn Chah’s comments to my experience, I should not have worried whether I was ‘violating’ the Buddha’s teachings by singing songs.
Rather I should have been more concerned whether the words I said were compassionate and kind. Was I ‘giving’ kindness to those that I spoke to? Did I give when the opportunity arose? Or did I hold back when others needed me?
What can we do this Christmas?
Beyond ‘doing’ Christmas stuff like eating, meeting friends and gift exchanges, how can we better embody the festive season this December as Buddhists?
Here are 3 ways.
1. Give thoughtful Gifts
Bring mindfulness into the act of giving. We may give someone a material gift that helps them through tough times or if we wish to ‘rebel’ against materialism, we can give our time and effort to friends.
Giving them a call, taking them out for tea/coffee, going for a hike are great ways to give! We may not have a lot of money to buy gifts, but we can give in many ways.
Recollecting that Jesus praised a poor widow who gave a few cents of her wealth as a greater gift than the rich crowd who gave a large sum. It is not the amount but rather the intention and heart that matters.
2. Sit! Do a loving-kindness (metta) meditation
This gift may not be an obvious choice to give during Christmas but it has strong lasting effects. The act of cultivating goodwill for all sentient beings and wishing them to be well and happy can change your attitude to friends, family, and your social circles.
This meditation technique is excellent for those of us who struggle with anger and jealousy. Sharing a feeling of gratitude and kindness with all beings softens our hearts and uplifts our minds.
This practice gives others a sense of protection that you will never harm them while keeping your mind light and bright (even brighter than the Christmas tree at Vivo City)
3. Reflect on generosity
Beyond giving thoughtful gifts & cultivating metta, we can delve deeper into generosity. The act of giving comes with the spirit of letting go. The eradication of “the attachment that comes from feelings of scarcity and separateness” as Vipassana teacher Philip Moffit describes Dana (Generosity).
For some of us, this might mean letting go of our greed and selfishness. For others, Christmas can be a time to examine biases towards people of other religions.
What matters is that we are giving up mind states that cause us to feel negative. We then open ourselves up to giving and love.
Same same but different?
These 3 ways can help us Buddhists celebrate the Christmas spirit of giving and not get caught up in the consumerism of gifts.
This attitude perhaps resonates with many churches who lament about the materialism that has plagued their favourite holiday. In this way, the holiday can be turned away from the usual feast of consumerism and toward a period of interfaith solidarity.
Following the 3 ways of making merit, giving can be seen as both a beginning to the Buddhist path and as a component of the path in its entirety. May you find the beginning of giving this Christmas!
So rather than asking ‘okay to celebrate?’ we should ask ourselves ‘how can we grow our goodness’ this season.
P.S. In case you are wondering if Buddhists have their ‘season of giving’, there is!
Theravādin countries (e.g. Thailand, Myanmar) celebrate Kathina, a festival where lay people offer basic goods to monks and nuns such as robes, bowls, medicine, and food. Monastics, in turn, give religious teachings to the laypeople. You can read more about this Buddhist season of giving here!
Wise Steps:
Don’t get caught up by labels (e.g. Christmas) especially if that prevents you from practising the values of generosity.
Find non-material ways to give! Be it metta meditation, being there for someone, or giving up bad habits
